The darker rectangles representthosenarrowabilitiesthataremostconsistently represented on tests of cognitive and academic abilities. This study examined whether the broad ability general speediness (Gs) could be measured via the auditory modality. The ovals represent broad abilities and rect-angles represent narrow abilities. Fluid intelligence is the capacity to think logically and solve problems in novel situations, independent of acquired knowledge. cognitive abilities, which are subsumed by over 80 narrow abilities.Carroll regarded the broad abilities as different 'flavors' of g. The broad abilities recognized by the model are fluid intelligence (Gf), crystallized intelligence (Gc), general memory and learning (Gy), broad visual perception (Gv), broad auditory perception (Gu), broad retrieval ability (Gr), broad cognitive speediness (Gs), and processing speed (Gt). Carroll’s three stratum theory, an influential contemporary model of cognitive abilities.